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A methodological framework for identifying traditional rural landscapes based on environmental, cultural, and socio-economic indicators – the case study of China

Summary

This study develops a method to identify and map traditional rural landscapes across entire countries using computer analysis of environmental, cultural, and economic data. The researchers tested their approach in China and found it successfully identifies areas with historical agricultural, forest, and pastoral practices that have been preserved over centuries. The method could help governments and organizations protect these valuable landscapes and promote sustainable rural development while preserving cultural heritage.

Background

Traditional rural landscapes (TRLs) are multifunctional systems that represent sustainable rural practices and development. Despite institutional recognition through programs like UNESCO World Heritage List and FAO GIAHS, there has been no standardized data-based methodology for identifying potential TRLs across large territories.

Objective

This study aims to develop a methodological framework based on high-resolution spatial analyses of environmental, cultural, and socio-economic indicators for identifying TRLs at the national scale. The framework is tested and validated using China’s entire terrestrial surface as a case study.

Results

Results identified hotspots for traditional agricultural landscapes in eastern China, traditional forest landscapes in Northeastern China and the south, and traditional pastoral landscapes in sparsely populated areas of northwestern and western China. The strong correlation between results and the spatial distribution of NIAHS sites validates the methodology’s reliability and effectiveness.

Conclusion

The proposed framework provides a data-driven approach for identifying potential TRLs at national scales and can be replicated in different countries for landscape conservation and valorization programs. The high-resolution spatial data supports stakeholders in landscape management and can aid in selecting sites for international programs like FAO GIAHS or UNESCO World Heritage List.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Methodological Framework Study,
  • Source: 10.1038/s41598-025-04133-x
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