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A Macrosphelide as the Unexpected Product of a Pleurotus ostreatus Strain-Mediated Biotransformation of Halolactones Containing the Gem-Dimethylcyclohexane Ring

Summary

This research discovered that oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) can produce a valuable compound called macrosphelide through a biological process, rather than requiring complex chemical synthesis. This finding has potential implications for more sustainable production of bioactive compounds. Impacts on everyday life: – Demonstrates new ways to produce potentially valuable medicinal compounds using natural processes – Shows how common mushrooms can be used for biotechnology applications – Provides insights into developing more environmentally friendly manufacturing processes – Could lead to more cost-effective production of pharmaceutical compounds – Highlights the untapped potential of fungi in producing useful substances

Background

Fungi are remarkable organisms that easily produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with broad spectrum biological activity. Macrosphelides (MS) are 16-membered, natural, macrolide polyketides first isolated in 1995 from a Microsphaeropsis sp. derived from soil samples. To date, 13 natural macrosphelide isomers have been reported, isolated from various fungal sources. Many molecules from this class show promising biological activities including inhibition of cell adhesion and antimicrobial properties.

Objective

The aim of the study was to obtain new compounds during biotransformation of two halocompounds, the δ-bromo and δ-iodo-γ-bicyclolactones. The research focused on investigating the unexpected production of a macrosphelide compound by Pleurotus ostreatus strain and examining the conditions and factors affecting its production.

Results

Pleurotus ostreatus unexpectedly produced macrosphelide 4 along with hydroxylactone 3 during biotransformation of halolactones. The highest yield of macrosphelide production was observed with iodide, bromide, iron and copper (2+) ions as inductors. The optimum temperature for biotransformation was 25-26°C. The compound was identified as (3S,9S,15S)-(6E,12E)-3,9,15-trimethyl-4,10,16-trioxacyclohexa-deca-6,12-diene-1,5,8,11,14-pentaone.

Conclusion

This is the first report demonstrating the biosynthesis of macrosphelide 4 by Pleurotus ostreatus strain. The production was induced not only by halolactone substrates but also by specific metal ions. This discovery provides new insights into macrosphelide production through biotransformation rather than chemical synthesis alone.
  • Published in:Molecules,
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/molecules21070859
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