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A Biorefinery Approach Integrating Lipid and EPS Augmentation Along with Cr (III) Mitigation by Chlorella minutissima

Summary

This research demonstrates that a common freshwater microalga called Chlorella minutissima can effectively remove toxic chromium from contaminated water while simultaneously producing high-quality biodiesel fuel and useful plant compounds. The microalga survives chromium exposure by activating powerful internal defense systems that protect it from oxidative stress. This integrated approach offers a sustainable solution to environmental contamination while generating renewable energy, supporting the transition to a circular economy.

Background

Heavy metal contamination, particularly chromium (III), poses significant ecological and health threats. Microalgae represent a promising sustainable solution for bioremediation and biofuel production. This study investigates the potential of Chlorella minutissima for integrated chromium remediation and value-added biomass production.

Objective

To investigate the intricate defense mechanisms and metabolic responses of freshwater microalga Chlorella minutissima to Cr (III) toxicity while simultaneously exploring lipid and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis for biodiesel production. The study aimed to develop an integrated biorefinery approach combining pollutant detoxification with green fuel generation.

Results

C. minutissima demonstrated an IC50 of 200 ppm with 92% Cr (III) removal efficiency and BCF values exceeding 1000, establishing it as a hyperaccumulator. The microalga exhibited 1.5-fold lipid accumulation reaching ~40% dry weight, enhanced carbohydrate synthesis, elevated ROS and osmolytes, increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, APX, GR, SOD), and stress-induced EPS production. FAME profiles complied with American and European fuel regulations.

Conclusion

C. minutissima demonstrates exceptional potential for an integrated biorefinery approach, effectively remediating Cr (III) contamination while producing vehicular-quality biodiesel and value-added EPS compounds. The activated antioxidant defense mechanisms and metabolic reprogramming towards lipid and carbohydrate synthesis support sustainability goals and circular economy principles. This framework presents a viable solution for environmental remediation coupled with renewable energy production.
  • Published in:Cells,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 39768139, PMCID: PMC11674128, DOI: 10.3390/cells13242047
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