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Mapping Histoplasma spp. in bats and cave ecosystems: evidence from midwestern Brazil

Summary

Researchers studied caves in midwestern Brazil and found that a fungal pathogen called Histoplasma, which causes a serious lung disease called histoplasmosis, is present in cave environments and in bats. They developed a quick DNA test to detect this fungus in cave soil samples and bat tissue samples. The study identified specific caves with high levels of the fungus, which could help warn visitors and cave explorers about the risk of infection.

Background

Caves serve as natural reservoirs for diverse microbial species including Histoplasma spp., a dimorphic fungus responsible for histoplasmosis. Brazil has numerous caves, particularly in the midwestern region, where histoplasmosis outbreaks have been reported among cave visitors and residents.

Objective

To map the presence and prevalence of Histoplasma spp. in cave environments and bat populations in the Federal District and surrounding regions of Brazil using quantitative PCR assays targeting the hc100 gene.

Results

Histoplasma DNA was detected in 16 of 80 soil samples (20%) from six caves and in 33 bats representing seven species. Among 222 tissue samples, 39 tested positive, with lungs showing the highest positivity rate. Four bats had Histoplasma DNA in both lungs and brain, and two in lungs and spleen.

Conclusion

Histoplasma spp. is endemic in caves and bat populations in midwestern Brazil, with certain caves identified as environmental hotspots. The findings emphasize the necessity for targeted public health interventions and cave management strategies to mitigate histoplasmosis risk among cave visitors.
  • Published in:Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Environmental and Field Survey Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40793772, DOI: 10.1128/aem.00335-25
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