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Two Novel Exophiala Species Isolated from Galls on the Chinese Magnolia-Vine (Schisandra Chinensis) in Korea

Summary

Scientists in Korea discovered two previously unknown types of black yeast fungi living inside galls (abnormal growths) on Chinese magnolia vines caused by tiny gall midge insects. Using genetic testing and microscopic examination, they identified these as entirely new species of fungi. These fungi appear to have beneficial relationships with their host plants, potentially helping them grow better and resist environmental stress. This discovery adds to our understanding of the diverse fungal species in Korea and their interactions with plants and insects.

Background

Two novel fungal species belonging to the genus Exophiala were isolated from galls on Chinese magnolia vine (Schisandra chinensis) induced by gall-midge (Lasioptera sp.). The Exophiala genus comprises black yeasts distributed worldwide in diverse environments including soil, plants, and deep-sea sediments. Only three Exophiala species had been previously reported in Korea.

Objective

To identify and characterize two uncharacterized Exophiala species isolated from gall midge larvae and their galleries within stem galls of Chinese magnolia vine collected in Korea. The study aimed to determine their taxonomic position through morphological, cultural, and molecular analyses.

Results

Two novel fungal species were identified and designated as Exophiala schisandrae sp. nov. (strains KNUF-24-1Ha T and others) and E. exsudans sp. nov. (strains KNUF-24-3La T and others). Both species occupied distinct phylogenetic positions within the Exophiala genus with clear morphological differences in conidia shape/size, conidiogenous cells, and yeast cell characteristics compared to closely related species.

Conclusion

Strains KNUF-24-1Ha T and KNUF-24-3La T represent two novel species within the genus Exophiala based on combined molecular and morphological evidence. The discovery expands the known diversity of Exophiala species in Korea and suggests a potential triangular relationship between gall midges, Exophiala fungi, and host plants that warrants further investigation.
  • Published in:Mycobiology,
  • Study Type:Observational Study - Taxonomic Characterization,
  • Source: 10.1080/12298093.2025.2567707, PMID: 41122470
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