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Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provide Insight into Degeneration-Related Molecular Mechanisms of Morchella importuna During Repeated Subculturing

Summary

Morel mushrooms lose quality when repeatedly cultured in laboratories, becoming slower-growing and less vibrant. Scientists discovered this happens because genes controlling antioxidant production shut down, allowing harmful free radicals to damage cells. By avoiding frequent subculturing and using cold storage or antioxidant supplements, farmers can keep their morel strains healthy and productive for longer.

Background

Morchella importuna is an economically important edible fungus that undergoes degeneration during repeated laboratory subculturing, characterized by reduced mycelial growth, altered pigmentation, and decreased yield. The molecular mechanisms underlying this degeneration remain poorly understood. This study investigated the genetic and metabolic changes associated with strain degeneration.

Objective

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of M. importuna strain degeneration during repeated subculturing using integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. The study aimed to identify key genes and metabolites responsible for the degeneration phenotype and characterize biosynthetic pathways involved in strain deterioration.

Results

Analysis revealed 699 differentially expressed metabolites and 2691 differentially expressed genes between normal and degenerated strains. Metabolites were enriched in secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, particularly flavonoids and indole alkaloids. A non-reducing polyketide synthase (NR-PKS) gene critical for flavonoid biosynthesis was significantly downregulated in degenerated strains, correlating with reduced flavonoid content.

Conclusion

M. importuna degeneration results from systemic dysregulation of gene expression networks and metabolic pathway reorganization, particularly affecting flavonoid biosynthesis. Reduced intracellular flavonoids weakens antioxidant capacity and triggers oxidative damage. The findings suggest avoiding frequent subculturing and using low-temperature dormancy or antioxidant supplementation to prevent degeneration.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi,
  • Study Type:Comparative Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40558932, DOI: 10.3390/jof11060420
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