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Optimization of triterpenoids biosynthesis in Athelia termitophila as a source of natural products

Summary

Researchers optimized growing conditions for a parasitic termite fungus called Athelia termitophila to produce more triterpenoids, which are medicinal compounds with health benefits. By systematically testing different nutrients and fermentation parameters, they increased triterpenoid production by 1.9 times and fungal biomass by 1.66 times. This breakthrough makes it more practical and cost-effective to produce these natural compounds for use in pharmaceuticals and functional foods.

Background

Triterpenoids are bioactive compounds with significant pharmaceutical and industrial applications, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and hepatoprotective properties. Athelia termitophila (TMB) is a parasitic fungus found in termite nests that naturally harbors only trace amounts of triterpenoids. This study aimed to optimize culture conditions to enhance triterpenoids biosynthesis and TMB biomass production.

Objective

To systematically optimize the composition of culture medium and cultivation parameters to augment both triterpenoids biosynthesis and mycelial biomass yield in Athelia termitophila through a combination of experimental design methodologies.

Results

Optimization resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in triterpenoids yield (50.21 mg/130 mL) and a 1.66-fold increase in mycelial biomass (2.23 g/flask) compared to unoptimized medium. Optimal conditions included 30 g/L corn starch, 13.44 g/L yeast extract powder, 4.74 g/L KH₂PO₄, 130/250 mL liquid-to-volume ratio, 6% inoculum volumes, and 7.8 days cultivation period.

Conclusion

This study provides a robust methodology for enhancing triterpenoids content and mycelial biomass in Athelia termitophila, contributing novel insights into triterpenoid biosynthesis. The optimization approach reduces production costs and provides a framework for scaling production in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, facilitating broader commercialization of natural triterpenoid-based products.
  • Published in:AMB Express,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: PMID: 40186813, DOI: 10.1186/s13568-025-01840-6
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