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Wildlife Dermatophytoses in Central Italy (Umbria and Marche Regions): A Fifteen-Year Investigation (2010–2024)

Summary

Researchers in central Italy studied fungal skin infections in wild animals over 15 years to understand disease patterns and public health risks. They found that about 11% of wild animals tested positive for dermatophytes (skin fungi), with some species dangerous to humans. The most common fungi found were Paraphyton mirabile and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which can spread to people through contact with infected animals. The study highlights the importance of monitoring wildlife health and using protective equipment when handling wild animals.

Background

Urban expansion has increased human-wildlife interactions, creating new ecosystems where dermatophyte infections become significant. Wild animals serve as reservoirs and sentinels for emerging zoonotic pathogens including dermatophytes. This investigation evaluated the presence of dermatophyte species in wild fauna from central Italy using both passive and active surveillance approaches.

Objective

To investigate the presence of dermatophytes in wild fauna from Umbria and Marche regions and perform molecular characterization of isolated dermatophyte species. The study aimed to assess wildlife as sentinels for dermatophytoses under a One Health framework integrating human, animal, and environmental health.

Results

Dermatophytes were detected in 77 animals (10.94% of non-ruminant wildlife). Seven dermatophyte species were identified: Paraphyton mirabile (5.96%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (2.41%), Microsporum canis (0.71%), and Arthroderma species. T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale genotype II* and var. mentagrophytes genotype III* were distinguished. Only 5 animals (0.71%) showed clinical lesions.

Conclusion

This 15-year investigation revealed multiple dermatophyte species in wildlife including pathogenic species (T. mentagrophytes III* and M. canis) with zoonotic potential. Enhanced surveillance of wild fauna is critical to prevent zoonotic outbreaks. Wildlife rescue centers and conservation initiatives play pivotal roles in health monitoring and zoonotic risk assessment.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi (Basel),
  • Study Type:Observational Survey, Longitudinal Investigation,
  • Source: 10.3390/jof11100753, PMC12565737, PMID: 41149941
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