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Fungal Strain Influences Thermal Conductivity, Hydrophobicity, Color Homogeneity, and Mold Contamination of Mycelial Composites

Summary

Scientists tested mushroom-based materials grown on hemp for use as eco-friendly insulation. They compared nine different mushroom species to see which created the best insulation with desired properties. Some materials performed as well as or better than commercial foam insulation, and they discovered a novel way to prevent mold growth by exposing developing materials to dead mold spores.

Background

Mycomaterials are sustainable biomaterials made by growing fungal mycelium on lignocellulosic substrates, offering potential as alternatives to conventional insulation materials. However, they face challenges including water absorption, mold contamination in moist environments, and poor public perception due to inconsistent appearance. Most mycomaterial research has relied on a limited range of fungal species, leaving vast fungal diversity untapped.

Objective

To explore a broad range of fungal strains to identify materials with improved thermal insulation properties, hydrophobicity, color homogeneity, and mold resistance. The study aimed to assess whether fungal strain selection could significantly enhance material properties relevant for thermal insulation applications.

Results

Thermal conductivity ranged from 0.039 to 0.019 W/mK, with some materials outperforming XPS and polyurethane standards. All materials were hydrophobic (105-122° contact angle) with significant strain-dependent variations. Color homogeneity and hydrophobicity showed positive correlation. Exposure to deactivated mold spores during growth improved mold resistance in several strains.

Conclusion

Fungal strain selection significantly influences mycomaterial properties for insulation applications. Several strains showed excellent thermal conductivity comparable to or better than commercial alternatives. Treatment with deactivated Trichoderma spores during growth offers a novel method to improve mold resistance without chemical additives.
  • Published in:Materials (Basel),
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/ma17246050, PMC11727980, PMID: 39769650
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