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Antifungal Policy and Practice Across Five Countries: A Qualitative Review

Summary

This study examined how five countries (Netherlands, Italy, South Korea, China, and India) manage invasive fungal infections through national policies. Researchers found that while all countries have some policies in place, there are significant gaps in diagnosis access, treatment availability, and healthcare professional training. The findings highlight the urgent need for stronger, more comprehensive policies to help patients suffering from serious fungal infections.

Background

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality globally, with an estimated 2.5 million deaths annually. Despite the substantial burden, there is limited clarity on global IFI burden and a lack of comprehensive antifungal policies in most countries. Understanding current policy landscapes is essential for improving patient care and reducing IFI burden.

Objective

This review assessed antifungal policies across five representative countries (Netherlands, Italy, South Korea, China, and India) to identify gaps and strengths in national and global antifungal policy frameworks. The assessment focused on six key policy areas: recognition and prioritization, awareness and education, prevention and monitoring, diagnosis and coordinated care, access to appropriate treatment, and diagnostic and treatment innovation.

Results

All five countries have some form of IFI policy, but substantial gaps were identified across all nations. Notable findings include low prioritization of IFI diagnostics, omission of fungal pathogens from antimicrobial resistance policies, lack of HCP training on IFI management, and limited access to rapid diagnostic and treatment options. The Netherlands and Italy demonstrated relatively stronger policies, while China and India showed more significant policy gaps.

Conclusion

Urgent action is needed to update or create comprehensive antifungal policies globally, prioritize antifungal stewardship, and improve access to rapid diagnostics and treatments. Countries should develop national, regional, and hospital-level policies including diagnostic, surveillance, therapy, stewardship, and educational components to effectively reduce IFI burden and support patient care.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi (Basel),
  • Study Type:Qualitative Review,
  • Source: PMID: 39997456
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