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Clinico-epidemiological evaluation of pharmaceutical/non-pharmaceutical poisoning in a referral poisoning emergency in the Central part of Iran

Summary

This study examined over 5,700 poisoning cases in Iran to compare outcomes between people poisoned by medications versus other substances like pesticides. Medication poisonings were more common in women and were usually intentional overdoses, while pesticide poisonings were more common in men and often accidental. People poisoned by non-pharmaceutical substances had worse outcomes with a higher death rate. Understanding these differences helps hospitals and communities develop better prevention strategies and treatment approaches.

Background

Poisoning is a significant global health issue with varying patterns across different societies. In Iran, poisoning is a common cause of emergency admissions and a leading cause of death. The pattern of poisoning differs between developed and developing countries, with pharmaceuticals being more common in developed nations and pesticides in developing countries.

Objective

To investigate the clinical-epidemiological features and outcomes of poisoned patients based on whether they were exposed to pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical substances at a referral poisoning center in Central Iran.

Results

Of 5,777 patients, 3,524 (61%) had pharmaceutical poisoning and 2,253 (39%) had non-pharmaceutical poisoning. Pharmaceutical poisonings were predominantly intentional (82.9%) and more common in females, while non-pharmaceutical poisonings were more common in males and unintentional (53.8%). Non-pharmaceutical poisoning had significantly higher mortality risk (OR 3.14; 95% CI 1.39-7.10; P=0.006) with 2.1% mortality versus 0.4% for pharmaceutical poisoning.

Conclusion

Pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical poisoning patterns differ significantly by gender, age, and intent. Non-pharmaceutical poisoning is associated with higher mortality risk and more severe clinical manifestations. Targeted prevention strategies specific to each poison type are needed, with emphasis on mental health services and pesticide safety measures.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Cross-sectional Study,
  • Source: 10.1038/s41598-024-61411-w; PMID: 38714819
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