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Graphene nanomaterials: A new frontier in preventing respiratory fungal infections

Summary

Fungal lung infections are a serious problem, especially for people with weak immune systems. Researchers are exploring graphene nanomaterials as a new treatment approach that can deliver antifungal drugs directly to infected areas in the lungs. These tiny particles work by creating toxic stress inside fungal cells and breaking down their protective biofilms, while using smaller drug doses and causing fewer side effects than traditional treatments.

Background

Fungal respiratory infections represent a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients, with Aspergillus species being particularly prevalent. Traditional antifungal treatments have significant limitations including low bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and emerging drug resistance. Nano-graphene oxide (NGO) represents a promising alternative therapeutic approach due to its unique physicochemical properties and antifungal capabilities.

Objective

This review aims to examine the antifungal mechanisms of nano-graphene oxide and its potential application in treating pulmonary fungal infections. The study focuses on understanding how NGO prevents fungal infection and biofilm formation through targeted delivery systems.

Results

NGO demonstrates potent antifungal activity through multiple mechanisms including oxidative stress induction, membrane disruption via nano-knife effect, cellular encapsulation, and biofilm inhibition. Studies show 62% reduction in fungal biomass with altered hyphae structure. Hybrid formulations combining NGO with drug payloads show enhanced efficacy against resistant fungal strains.

Conclusion

Nano-graphene oxide represents a promising frontier for treating respiratory fungal infections through targeted pulmonary delivery. The material’s high surface modifiability, low toxicity at appropriate concentrations, and synergistic effects with antifungal drugs make it superior to conventional liposomal formulations. Further clinical studies are needed to optimize formulations and establish safety protocols for widespread therapeutic application.
  • Published in:Current Medical Mycology,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 41122125
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