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Effect of AgNPs on PLA-Based Biocomposites with Polysaccharides: Biodegradability, Antibacterial Activity and Features

Summary

Scientists created a new type of eco-friendly plastic made from PLA (a biodegradable polymer) mixed with silver nanoparticles and natural starches or chitosan. These new materials can kill bacteria and break down naturally in soil within a few months, making them useful for food packaging and medical applications. The addition of silver particles gave the materials antibacterial properties without reducing their ability to biodegrade in natural soil conditions.

Background

There is increasing demand for polymeric materials with antimicrobial properties that can degrade in natural environments. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising biodegradable polymer used in food packaging and biomedical applications. The addition of antimicrobial agents and natural polysaccharides to PLA could enhance both its biocidal and biodegradation properties.

Objective

To develop PLA-based biocomposites incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and natural polysaccharides (starch and chitosan) to create multifunctional materials with biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and improved performance characteristics for various applications.

Results

Introduction of polysaccharides decreased elastic modulus and tensile strength but preserved elongation at break. Maximum mass loss of 29% occurred in PLA-PEG-starch-AgNPs composites after 6 months soil exposure. AgNPs did not inhibit fungal degradation; mycelial fungi actively colonized all samples. Biocomposites effectively inhibited growth of E. coli, M. luteus, and B. subtilis, with variable effects on other organisms.

Conclusion

The developed PLA biocomposites with polysaccharides and AgNPs demonstrate polyfunctional properties including biodegradability, antibacterial activity, and controlled mechanical properties. Silver nanoparticles did not compromise biodegradation and provided antimicrobial benefits. These materials show promise for applications in food packaging and biomedical fields.
  • Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/ijms262210916; PMID: 41303400
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