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Nomilin from Yuzu Seed Has In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Downregulates Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells through the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway

Summary

Scientists extracted a compound called nomilin from yuzu seeds and tested whether it could lighten skin by reducing melanin production. They found that nomilin works by blocking an enzyme called tyrosinase that makes melanin, and it reduces the activity of cell signaling pathways involved in skin darkening. The study shows nomilin could be used as a natural skin-whitening ingredient in cosmetics without the side effects of synthetic alternatives.

Background

Yuzu (Citrus junos) is a citrus plant native to Asian countries containing abundant vitamin C, citric acid, and polyphenols. While antioxidative and antimelanogenic activities of citrus fruits have been reported, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of limonoid aglycones in yuzu seed extract remains unknown. This study investigates nomilin, a limonoid compound from yuzu seed byproducts.

Objective

To isolate and characterize nomilin from yuzu seed byproducts and evaluate its potential as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin-whitening agent through in vitro kinetic assays, docking studies, and cell-based experiments in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Results

Nomilin showed IC50 values of 53.37 μg/mL and 57.9 μg/mL in DPPH and ABTS assays respectively, comparable to ascorbic acid. Nomilin exhibited noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibition with IC50 of 87.17 μg/mL. In B16F10 cells, nomilin suppressed TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF expression in concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting PKA/CREB signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Nomilin isolated from yuzu seed husk is a novel natural tyrosinase inhibitor with strong antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities mediated through PKA/CREB pathway inhibition. It shows potential as a functional cosmetic ingredient for skin-whitening applications with fewer side effects than synthetic alternatives.
  • Published in:Antioxidants (Basel),
  • Study Type:In Vitro and Cell-Based Research Study,
  • Source: PMC9495840, PMID: 36139710
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