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Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton benhamiae in a sea lion. First report

Summary

A 13-year-old sea lion in a marine park developed ringworm-like skin lesions caused by a fungus called Trichophyton benhamiae, marking the first time this fungus has been identified in this species. Scientists identified the fungus using DNA testing and found it was resistant to common antifungal drugs, so they treated it with a combination of oral medication (terbinafine), topical ozonized oil, and a liver-protecting supplement. After three months of treatment, the sea lion’s skin healed completely.

Background

Fungal infections in marine animals, particularly pinnipeds, have increased notably, often linked to compromised immune systems in captive environments. Trichophyton species, while common in terrestrial mammals, have sporadically caused dermatophytosis in pinnipeds. This case reports the first documented infection of Trichophyton benhamiae in a South American sea lion.

Objective

To report and document the first case of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton benhamiae in a South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) and demonstrate effective treatment protocols.

Results

Trichophyton benhamiae was identified with >99% sequence identity via BLAST analysis. Sensitivity testing showed high MIC values for azoles but lower values for terbinafine and griseofulvin. Combined treatment with oral terbinafine (2.5 mg/kg/day), topical ozonized oil, and silymarin resulted in lesion remission by day 122 and mycological cure by day 137.

Conclusion

Accurate fungal identification through molecular techniques and antifungal sensitivity testing were crucial for successful treatment of this first documented case of T. benhamiae dermatophytosis in a sea lion. Combined systemic and topical antifungal therapy proved effective for managing this condition in a captive marine mammal.
  • Published in:Medical Mycology Case Reports,
  • Study Type:Case Report,
  • Source: PMID: 39553830, DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2024.100679
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