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Molecular identification and mycotoxins analysis of some fungal isolates from postharvest decayed apple in Qena, Egypt

Summary

Apples stored after harvest can be infected by blue mold fungi that produce toxic substances called mycotoxins. Researchers in Egypt identified five fungal strains from rotted apples and measured the amounts of two dangerous toxins they produce. The findings show that these fungi can cause significant food safety risks and economic losses, highlighting the need for better storage and handling practices.

Background

Apples are important fruits that provide essential nutrients, but they are susceptible to fungal infections during postharvest storage. Penicillium species cause blue mold, one of the most common postharvest apple diseases, and can produce harmful mycotoxins.

Objective

To identify Penicillium isolates from infected apple fruits using morphological description and ITS gene sequencing, and to analyze these isolates’ capability for producing mycotoxins using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Penicillium (35.01%) and Talaromyces (15.62%) were the most prevalent fungal genera. Five isolates were identified and characterized: P. expansum AP1, P. crustosum AP2, T. atroroseus AP3, P. expansum AP4, and P. expansum AP5. P. expansum AP5 produced the highest patulin level (24180 ppb), while P. expansum AP4 produced the highest citrinin level (24890 ppb).

Conclusion

Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum, Penicillium crustosum, and Talaromyces atroroseus is one of the most harmful postharvest apple diseases. These isolates demonstrated the ability to produce both citrinin and patulin mycotoxins with varying degrees, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies during apple transportation and storage.
  • Published in:BMC Plant Biology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.1186/s12870-025-07205-2, PMID: 40931353
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