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Effects of simulated microgravity on biological features and virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Summary

Scientists studied how a dangerous fungus called Cryptococcus neoformans behaves in space-like conditions. They found that in simulated microgravity, this fungus becomes more dangerous by developing thicker protective capsules, producing more protective pigment, and becoming more deadly to organisms in laboratory models. This research is important because astronauts in space have weaker immune systems, making them vulnerable to infections from fungi that may have adapted to thrive in space environments.

Background

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen causing cryptococcal meningitis primarily in immunocompromised individuals. Recent detection on the International Space Station raises concerns about fungal health risks during space missions, where immune systems may be compromised by microgravity and radiation.

Objective

To examine the effects of simulated microgravity on C. neoformans biological features, stress tolerance, virulence factors, and pathogenicity to understand potential fungal risks during long-term space missions.

Results

Simulated microgravity enhanced membrane and osmotic stress tolerance while increasing amphotericin B susceptibility. Key virulence factors increased under simulated microgravity, including capsule thickness, melanin production, and urease activity. C. elegans infected with C. neoformans under simulated microgravity showed significantly reduced survival rates.

Conclusion

Simulated microgravity conditions remodel C. neoformans membrane biology toward enhanced pathogenic potential through membrane-centric mechanisms. These findings underscore the need for antimicrobial stewardship and countermeasures to manage fungal risks during space missions.
  • Published in:Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: 10.1128/aem.01435-25; PMID: 41025808
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