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Epidemiology of Candidemia, Candiduria and Emerging Candidozyma (Candida) auris Across Gulf Cooperative Council Countries and Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula

Summary

This comprehensive review examines fungal bloodstream and urinary tract infections caused by Candida species across Middle Eastern countries. The study shows that while Candida albicans remains common, dangerous antibiotic-resistant strains like Candidozyma auris are increasingly appearing in hospitals. The research highlights that better diagnostic tools and infection prevention practices are urgently needed in the region to protect patients and reduce deaths from these serious infections.

Background

Candida infections represent a major component of invasive and non-invasive mycoses globally. The Gulf Cooperative Council countries and Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula have limited data on candidemia, candiduria, and emerging Candidozyma auris infections. There is a significant knowledge gap regarding the epidemiology and management of these fungal infections in the region.

Objective

This review presents epidemiological features, trends, clinical manifestations, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and outcomes of candidemia and candiduria across six GCC countries and Yemen. The study identifies gaps in knowledge and provides recommendations for improving management of infections by these fungal pathogens in the Arabian Peninsula.

Results

Candida albicans remains the most isolated organism but prevalence varies over time and by country. Non-albicans Candida species are increasingly common, with C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and Nakaseomyces glabratus being frequently isolated. Candidozyma auris is causing serious health risks across all GCC countries with mortality rates ranging from 40-71%. Antifungal resistance patterns vary by region and species.

Conclusion

The review demonstrates a significant epidemiological shift toward non-albicans Candida species in the Arabian Peninsula. Candidozyma auris represents an emerging critical threat requiring improved diagnostic capacity and infection control measures. Enhanced surveillance systems, standardized antifungal susceptibility testing, and regional collaboration are needed to better manage these infections.
  • Published in:Mycoses,
  • Study Type:Narrative Review,
  • Source: 40491235
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