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Antifungal and other bioactive properties of the volatilome of Streptomyces scabiei

Summary

Researchers discovered that Streptomyces scabiei, a bacterium that causes common scab disease in potatoes and other root crops, produces numerous airborne chemical compounds with surprising benefits. Using advanced chemical analysis, they identified 36 different volatile molecules, many of which can kill harmful fungi and promote plant health. This discovery suggests the bacterium’s role in nature is more complex than previously thought, as it may actually help protect plants while causing disease, opening new possibilities for developing natural pest control solutions.

Background

Volatile compounds (VCs) produced by host-associated bacteria have largely unexplored potential roles in suppressing microbial competitors and facilitating host colonization. Streptomyces scabiei 87-22 is the model species for common scab disease affecting root and tuber crops. Understanding the bioactive volatiles produced by this bacterium could reveal novel mechanisms of microbial antagonism.

Objective

This study investigated the volatilome of Streptomyces scabiei 87-22 under culture conditions that inhibited fungal growth including the phytopathogens Alternaria solani and Gibberella zeae. The goal was to identify volatile compounds responsible for antifungal activity and characterize their bioactive properties.

Results

Thirty-six volatile compounds were identified, including ketones, aromatic compounds, sulfur-containing compounds, and terpenoids. Among tested compounds, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-heptanone, and creosol inhibited fungal pathogens, while 3-penten-2-one showed previously unreported strong antifungal activity. Many identified VCs possessed documented antibacterial, antifungal, nematocidal, and insecticidal properties, with some also associated with plant growth promotion.

Conclusion

S. scabiei 87-22 produces diverse volatile compounds with remarkable antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens and other microorganisms. Beyond pathogenicity, some volatiles promote plant growth and defense, suggesting the ecological function of this bacterium is more complex than previously understood. These findings highlight potential applications for sustainable plant protection through volatile-based strategies.
  • Published in:Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: 10.1128/aem.00863-25; PMID: 41031835
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