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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pulmonary Fungal Infections 1990–2021

Summary

This study analyzed the global impact of fungal lung infections from 1990 to 2021, finding that about 5.6 million people were affected in 2021 with significant mortality rates. The burden of these infections is particularly high in low- and middle-income countries and affects older individuals more severely. The researchers project that deaths from fungal lung infections will double by 2044, emphasizing the need for better prevention strategies, vaccines, and international cooperation to address this growing health challenge.

Background

Pulmonary fungal infections (PFIs) are a significant global health challenge with substantial disease burden. The lungs are the most prevalent site for invasive fungal infections, and their diagnosis and treatment pose significant clinical challenges. Global factors are expected to enhance the risk of PFIs in the future.

Objective

To evaluate the burden of pulmonary fungal infections at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021 and project future mortality trends to 2044. This assessment aims to provide crucial information for public health planning, diagnosis, antifungal medication access, and drug development strategies.

Results

In 2021, global PFI incidence was 5.62 million cases with 45,542 deaths and an age-standardized mortality rate of 0.56 per 100,000. From 1990 to 2021, the annual percentage change in mortality was −1.03%, though increases were observed in low- and middle-income countries and among individuals aged ≥50 years. By 2044, over 87,000 deaths are projected.

Conclusion

PFIs represent a significant global challenge requiring international collaboration and coordinated response. Focus should be placed on low- and middle-income countries, high-risk populations, vaccine development, and improved epidemiological surveillance to address this substantial disease burden.
  • Published in:American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,
  • Study Type:Epidemiological Analysis, Global Burden of Disease Study,
  • Source: 10.1164/rccm.202410-2076OC, PMID: 40173277
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