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A Review on Aspergillosis in Turkey: As a Main Fungal Disease in Poultry

Summary

Aspergillosis is a serious fungal disease affecting turkeys, especially young birds, caused by breathing in fungal spores from moldy hay, compost or poorly ventilated housing. The disease causes respiratory problems, can spread to other organs, and can kill 30-50% of affected flocks. Prevention through good ventilation, clean housing and dry feed is more effective than treatment since few antifungal drugs are approved for food animals. Understanding how environmental conditions promote this disease is key to protecting turkey populations.

Background

Aspergillosis is a significant fungal disease caused by Aspergillus species, primarily A. fumigatus and A. flavus, that poses a major threat to turkey health and productivity. The disease results from environmental exposure to fungal spores, particularly in settings with poor ventilation and high temperature and humidity. Aspergillosis is not contagious but can cause serious problems, especially in young poults, with high mortality rates.

Objective

This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and management strategies associated with aspergillosis in turkeys. The objective is to provide comprehensive understanding of epidemiology and develop effective preventive strategies to mitigate economic consequences in turkey production.

Results

Aspergillosis typically results from environmental exposure to spores and leads to respiratory distress and systemic disease. Clinical signs range from mild respiratory symptoms to severe systemic illness. Diagnostic approaches include clinical evaluation, necropsy findings, fungal culture and molecular techniques. Effective management requires improved biosecurity, environmental control and appropriate treatment protocols.

Conclusion

Understanding epidemiology and impact of aspergillosis is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies. Enhanced biosecurity measures, environmental controls and early detection protocols are essential. Future research should prioritize molecular mechanisms of infection and development of targeted interventions to bolster turkey resilience against aspergillosis.
  • Published in:Veterinary Medicine and Science,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 40988581, DOI: 10.1002/vms3.70605
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