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Expression of a novel NaD1 recombinant antimicrobial peptide enhances antifungal and insecticidal activities

Summary

Scientists created a new genetically modified tobacco plant that produces a powerful natural pest-fighting protein called NaD1. By attaching special chitin-binding components to this protein, they made it stick better to fungal pathogens and insect digestive systems. When tested, these enhanced proteins killed fungi more effectively and caused higher mortality rates in crop-damaging insects, offering a promising natural alternative to chemical pesticides.

Background

Plant diseases caused by fungi and pests result in significant reduction of agricultural productivity. Traditional pesticide-based control methods have limitations including pathogen resistance development and environmental impacts. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer sustainable alternatives for crop protection due to their broad-spectrum activity and lower resistance development potential.

Objective

To enhance the antifungal and insecticidal activities of NaD1 defensin peptide by fusing it with chitin-binding domains (CBDs) from wheat germ agglutinin protein. The study aimed to improve interaction with fungal cell walls and insect midgut chitin, thereby increasing peptide efficacy against fungal pathogens and pest insects.

Results

Both (CBD)₄-NaD1 and NaD1-(CBD)₄ transgenic lines showed superior antifungal activity with 50% mycelium growth inhibition at 100 µg/ml. Larvae fed with CBD-containing recombinant peptides exhibited higher mortality rates (26-33% survival at 72h) compared to NaD1 alone (53% survival). Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, APX, SOD) and significantly reduced trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were observed in treated larvae.

Conclusion

Fusion of NaD1 defensin with CBDs effectively enhances both antifungal and insecticidal activities through increased chitin affinity and improved peptide stability. The recombinant peptides demonstrate potential as sustainable alternatives for crop protection against fungal pathogens and pest insects, with implications for reducing reliance on chemical pesticides.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: PMID: 39369025, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73710-3
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