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Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Dryocrassin ABBA Against Fusarium oxysporum

Summary

Researchers found that dryocrassin ABBA, a compound from a traditional East Asian fern, can effectively kill the fungus that causes potato rot disease. The compound damages the fungus by increasing harmful reactive oxygen species and disrupting the fungus’s ability to break down plant cell walls. This natural substance could potentially replace synthetic chemical fungicides, offering a safer and more environmentally friendly way to protect potatoes from disease.

Background

Potato Fusarium dry rot and wilt are major soil- and seed-borne diseases causing significant economic losses during potato growth and storage worldwide. Chemical fungicides are commonly used but face resistance issues, necessitating exploration of alternative biocontrol approaches. Dryocrassin ABBA, a phloroglucinol derivative from Dryopteris crassirhizoma, has shown inhibitory activity against various pathogens but its direct antifungal mechanism against Fusarium oxysporum remains unexplored.

Objective

To determine whether dryocrassin ABBA can directly suppress Fusarium oxysporum growth and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its antifungal activity. The study aimed to assess morphological changes, oxidative stress markers, and transcriptomic alterations in F. oxysporum treated with dryocrassin ABBA.

Results

Dryocrassin ABBA significantly inhibited F. oxysporum mycelial growth in a dose-dependent manner, achieving 93.13% inhibition at 2 g/L. Treatment caused hyphal deformation, increased MDA content (1.83-fold), and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Transcriptome analysis identified 1244 differentially expressed genes (594 upregulated, 650 downregulated), with enrichment in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism pathways. Most plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), heat shock proteins (HSPs), and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters were downregulated.

Conclusion

Dryocrassin ABBA directly inhibits F. oxysporum through multiple mechanisms including oxidative stress induction, disruption of metabolic pathways, and suppression of virulence factors. The downregulation of PCWDEs, HSPs, and MFS genes weakens the pathogen’s stress capacity and pathogenicity. These findings suggest dryocrassin ABBA represents a promising ecofriendly biocontrol alternative for managing potato Fusarium dry rot and wilt.
  • Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research,
  • Source: PMID: 40004037, DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041573
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