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In vitro and In silico investigation deciphering novel antifungal activity of endophyte Bacillus velezensis CBMB205 against Fusarium oxysporum

Summary

Researchers isolated a beneficial bacteria called Bacillus velezensis from medicinal plants that can fight against a dangerous fungus causing banana wilt disease. Through laboratory and computer studies, they identified two natural compounds produced by this bacteria that stop the fungus from growing by damaging its cell walls. This discovery offers a promising eco-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides for protecting banana crops worldwide.

Background

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes devastating banana wilt disease affecting global production. Chemical fungicides pose environmental and health risks, necessitating eco-friendly biocontrol alternatives. Endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants show promise as natural antagonists against fungal pathogens.

Objective

This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants and investigate their antagonistic activities against Foc through in vitro and molecular docking studies. The research sought to identify the molecular mechanisms of antifungal activity and characterize bioactive compounds responsible for pathogen inhibition.

Results

Bacillus velezensis CBMB205 (EG2) exhibited 40% inhibition on plates and 95% biomass reduction in broth culture. Two major metabolites, β-amyrin and dihydroxy octadecenoic acid, were identified with binding energies of -10.17 and -9.5 kcal/mol against chitin synthase-1 and 1,3-glucan synthase respectively. SEM analysis confirmed hyphal distortion and chlamydospore formation.

Conclusion

Bacillus velezensis CBMB205 demonstrates significant antifungal potential against Foc through metabolite production targeting fungal cell wall synthesis. The identified bioactive compounds show promising molecular interactions with key fungal enzymes. These findings support development of endophyte-based antifungal agents for sustainable agricultural disease management.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Experimental In vitro and In silico Study,
  • Source: PMID: 39753601, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-77926-1
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