MYCOLab Ai Logo - gold and army green

Antimicrobial effects and mechanisms of hydrogen sulphide against nail pathogens

Summary

Researchers discovered that hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a small gas molecule, can effectively kill the fungi and bacteria that cause painful nail infections. Unlike current treatments that struggle to penetrate into the nail, hydrogen sulphide easily diffuses through the nail plate. The study found that H2S works by damaging the fungi’s respiratory system and creating harmful reactive oxygen species, while also modifying proteins in a way that disrupts their normal function. This innovative approach could offer patients a new topical treatment option for nail infections that have been difficult to treat with existing medications.

Background

Nail infections are common and challenging to treat due to poor penetration of antifungals into the nail plate. Oral treatments can cause adverse effects and drug interactions, while topical treatments have low cure rates. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a small polar molecule that readily penetrates the nail plate and possesses antimicrobial properties.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of hydrogen sulphide against causative agents of nail infections and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of this gaseous molecule against fungi and bacteria.

Results

H2S demonstrated potent activity against nail pathogens including dermatophytes and drug-resistant isolates. Gaseous H2S was 50-1000 fold more potent than aqueous H2S. The mechanism involves COX inhibition causing electron leakage and ROS generation, along with extensive S-sulfhydration of proteins. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 96 upregulated and 117 downregulated genes indicating stress responses.

Conclusion

Hydrogen sulphide has strong antimicrobial activity particularly against dermatophytes and demonstrates a novel mechanism involving COX inhibition and protein S-sulfhydration. Combined with its ability to penetrate the nail plate, topical delivery of H2S donors represents a promising new therapeutic approach for treating onychomycosis.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:In vitro experimental research,
  • Source: 10.1038/s41598-025-22062-7; PMID: 41173945
Scroll to Top