MYCOLab Ai Logo - gold and army green

An Efficient Microwave Synthesis of 3-Acyl-5-bromoindole Derivatives for Controlling Monilinia fructicola and Botrytis cinerea

Summary

Researchers created new chemical compounds based on indoles that can kill harmful fungi affecting fruit crops. These compounds were made using microwave energy, which made the synthesis faster and more efficient. Testing showed that some of these new compounds worked better at stopping fungal growth and spore germination than currently used commercial fungicides, making them promising candidates for protecting fruit crops from rot diseases.

Background

Indole-containing molecules have diverse biological applications and represent promising alternatives for agricultural challenges. Bromoindoles are naturally occurring halogenated indoles found in marine organisms with multiple bioactive properties. This study leverages microwave-assisted synthesis to develop novel indole derivatives for controlling destructive plant pathogens.

Objective

To synthesize eleven 3-acyl-5-bromoindole derivatives via microwave-assisted Friedel-Crafts acylation and evaluate their antifungal capacity against Monilinia fructicola and Botrytis cinerea. Molecular docking analysis was performed to explore interactions with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as a potential mechanism of action.

Results

Synthesis yields ranged from 44-99%, with linear derivatives achieving higher yields than aromatic ones. Compound A (5-bromoindole) showed highest activity against both pathogens. Compounds A, B, G, and L inhibited M. fructicola, while compounds A and J showed activity against B. cinerea. Derivatives B, G, J, and L significantly improved conidial germination inhibition. Compounds A, B, and G demonstrated favorable SDH binding energies comparable to reference compounds.

Conclusion

The study successfully synthesized novel 3-acyl-5-bromoindole derivatives with promising antifungal potential against important phytopathogens. Compounds A, B, G, J, and L represent promising candidates for developing novel agrochemicals. SDH inhibition was identified as a potential mechanism of action, supporting their development as commercial fungicides for crop protection.
  • Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
  • Study Type:Experimental Research Study,
  • Source: 10.3390/ijms26189148 | PMID: 41009710
Scroll to Top