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Diversity and biological characteristics of macrofungi of district Bajaur, a remote area of Pakistan in the Hindu Kush range

Summary

Researchers conducted the first-ever comprehensive survey of mushrooms in the Bajaur district of Pakistan, documenting 51 different species. While many species are edible and nutritious, containing high levels of protein, fiber, and minerals, some are highly poisonous and can cause serious illness or death. The study found that certain mushrooms like Morchella esculenta are already used by local communities as food and medicine, and many other species could potentially be developed for medicinal or culinary use with further research.

Background

Macrofungi play vital ecological roles as mutualists, pathogens, decomposers and saprotrophs. District Bajaur in Pakistan’s Hindu Kush range has favorable environmental conditions for macrofungal diversity but has not been previously studied mycologically. The region experiences montane-temperate vegetation with variable climatic conditions including snowfall and monsoon rains.

Objective

To document and characterize the diversity, ecological features, and biological characteristics of macrofungi in district Bajaur, Pakistan. The study aimed to identify species, determine nutritional modes, assess morphological characteristics, and evaluate distribution patterns across three tehsils.

Results

A total of 51 macrofungi species belonging to 22 families and 37 genera were identified. Agaricaceae and Psathyrellaceae were dominant with 7 species each. Most species were saprophytic (32 species), followed by parasitic (7 species), saprophytic-parasitic (6 species), and mycorrhizal (6 species). White basidiocarps were most prevalent (23 species). Tehsil Utman Kheil showed highest Shannon diversity index (3.73) and Simpson index (0.97).

Conclusion

This is the first comprehensive survey documenting macrofungal diversity in Bajaur, revealing high species richness with 51 species, including 5 new reports for Pakistan. The study indicates significant potential for macrofungi utilization as food and alternative medicine, though further research is needed to document bioactive constituents and ensure safe consumption by local populations.
  • Published in:Heliyon,
  • Study Type:Field Survey and Biodiversity Assessment,
  • Source: PMID: 37539235, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17818
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