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Effects of simulated microgravity on biological features and virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Summary

Scientists studied how a dangerous fungus called Cryptococcus neoformans behaves in space-like conditions. They found that in simulated microgravity, the fungus becomes more dangerous by developing thicker protective capsules and producing more melanin, while also becoming more resistant to certain stresses. Interestingly, the fungus became more sensitive to one antifungal drug but maintained resistance to others. When tested on microscopic worms, the fungus grown in simulated microgravity killed them more quickly, suggesting space conditions could make this fungus more harmful to astronauts.

Background

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen causing cryptococcal meningitis primarily in immunocompromised individuals. Recent detection on the International Space Station raises concerns about health risks in space where immune systems are compromised. Understanding fungal behavior in space-like conditions is crucial for astronaut safety.

Objective

To examine the effects of simulated microgravity on biological features and virulence of C. neoformans, including stress tolerance, virulence factor expression, and pathogenicity in host models.

Results

Simulated microgravity enhanced membrane and osmotic stress tolerance, increased susceptibility to amphotericin B, and promoted virulence factors including capsule formation, melanin production, and urease activity. C. elegans infected with fungal strains under simulated microgravity showed reduced survival rates, indicating enhanced pathogenicity.

Conclusion

Simulated microgravity conditions remodel C. neoformans toward enhanced pathogenic potential through membrane-centric mechanisms. These findings highlight the need for understanding microbial risks and developing countermeasures for long-term space missions and astronaut health.
  • Published in:Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.1128/aem.01435-25, PMID: 41025808
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