Gastrointestinal Parasites, Ectoparasites, and Fungi in Rabbits Attending Clinical Consultations and from Private Owners and Breeders in Portugal

Author: mycolabadmin
9/13/2025
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Summary

This study examined parasites, mites, and fungi found in Portuguese rabbits by testing samples from 72 animals at veterinary clinics and private homes. More than half of the rabbits carried intestinal parasites, most commonly coccidia and Cryptosporidium, though few showed obvious illness. Regular cleaning of rabbit housing and proper deworming with fenbendazole significantly reduced parasite infection rates, highlighting the importance of good hygiene practices.

Background

Domestic rabbits are susceptible to various gastrointestinal parasites, ectoparasites, and fungi that impact animal health and welfare. Few studies have comprehensively investigated these pathogens using a One Health approach in Portuguese rabbit populations. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of these agents is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment protocols.

Objective

To assess the presence of gastrointestinal parasites, ectoparasites, and fungi in pet rabbits attending clinical consultations and from private owners and breeders in Portugal. To analyze associations between parasitological and mycological findings and various biotic and abiotic factors including animal origin, age, outdoor access, housing hygiene frequency, and deworming status.

Results

Fifty-eight percent of rabbits tested positive for gastrointestinal parasites, with Eimeria spp. being most prevalent at 45%, followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (32%), Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (17%), Passalurus ambiguus (13%), Graphidium strigosum (13%), and Giardia spp. (9%). Ten percent of animals had Cheyletiella spp. infestations, and environmental fungi including Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Scopulariopsis were isolated from 7% of animals. Only 12% of parasitized animals showed clinical signs of diarrhea.

Conclusion

Frequent sanitization and regular deworming with fenbendazole emerged as essential factors to minimize parasitic frequency in rabbits. The integrated diagnostic approach combining Mini-FLOTAC and direct immunofluorescence antibody techniques proved effective for detecting parasitic and fungal agents. Further research is needed to improve understanding of transmission and pathogenicity of these agents in rabbit populations using a One Health framework.

Published in:Microorganisms,
Study Type:Cross-sectional Survey,
Source: PMID: 41011477