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Deep cutaneous fungal infection in an immunocompetent individual caused by a biological pesticide: a rare case report

Summary

A 66-year-old farmer developed recurring skin infections over 10 years from exposure to a biological pesticide containing a fungus called Purpureocillium lilacinum. Although this fungus is generally safe for healthy people, this case shows it can cause serious skin infections with prolonged exposure. The patient was successfully treated with antifungal medication over three months. This case highlights the importance of proper safety measures when working with biological pesticides.

Background

Purpureocillium lilacinum is a globally distributed fungus commonly used as a biological pesticide for pest control, particularly against plant-parasitic nematodes and insects. While it typically causes severe infections only in immunocompromised individuals, it can pose risks to immunocompetent people upon exposure.

Objective

To report the first known case of a deep cutaneous fungal infection caused by Purpureocillium lilacinum associated with exposure to a biopesticide product in an immunocompetent individual.

Results

The fungus was identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum through culture and molecular sequencing. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole at 400 mg for three months, resulting in complete healing of skin lesions without recurrence.

Conclusion

This is the first reported case linking deep fungal infection to biopesticide exposure in an immunocompetent individual, highlighting the need for proper safety precautions and monitoring when handling biological pesticides.
  • Published in:BMC Infectious Diseases,
  • Study Type:Case Report,
  • Source: PMID: 40069617, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-10707-x
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