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Current Approaches to Aflatoxin B1 Control in Food and Feed Safety: Detection, Inhibition, and Mitigation

Summary

Aflatoxins are poisonous substances made by certain molds that contaminate about a quarter of the world’s food supply and are known carcinogens. This review examines the latest methods for detecting these toxins (from simple lab tests to advanced smartphone-powered devices) and ways to remove or prevent them, including using beneficial bacteria and special plasma treatment. The research shows that combining multiple approaches—detection technology with biological solutions—works best for keeping our food and animal feed safe from these dangerous contaminants.

Background

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus that contaminate approximately one-quarter of the global food supply. These mycotoxins are classified as Group 1 human carcinogens and exhibit carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties. Climate change is expected to exacerbate aflatoxin contamination in food and feed systems worldwide.

Objective

This review comprehensively analyzes recent advances in aflatoxin detection and mitigation strategies, examining bioremediation, physical and chemical detoxification, and fungal growth inhibition approaches. The review also evaluates aflatoxin occurrence in water systems, current detection techniques, removal processes, and regulatory frameworks across key producing countries.

Results

The review identifies six major detection method categories with varying sensitivity and applicability: chromatographic techniques remain the gold standard, while emerging biosensor platforms and smartphone-integrated assays offer portable alternatives. Bioremediation agents including Bacillus and Lactobacillus strains achieve up to 92% AFB1 degradation, and cold atmospheric plasma achieves 96% AFB1 reduction within 60 seconds.

Conclusion

Integrative approaches combining biological and technological solutions demonstrate increasing efficacy for aflatoxin control. The review emphasizes the importance of continued interdisciplinary research, development of sustainable and adaptive strategies, and harmonization of regulatory standards across regions to support food safety and public health amid environmental challenges.
  • Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMC12250436; PMID: 40650309; doi: 10.3390/ijms26136534
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