Immunomodulatory natural polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Author: mycolabadmin
5/12/2025
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Summary

Scientists are developing tiny particles made from natural sugar-based compounds that can deliver medicine to the brain while reducing inflammation caused by neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. These nanoparticles are special because they can cross the protective barrier surrounding the brain and carry therapeutic compounds directly to where they’re needed. The natural polysaccharides used to make these particles have built-in anti-inflammatory properties, making them safer and more effective than traditional approaches. This innovative technology shows promise for treating currently difficult-to-manage brain diseases.

Background

Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation driven by activated microglia and astrocytes. Natural polysaccharides possess inherent immunomodulatory properties that can regulate immune responses in the central nervous system. Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles offer versatile platforms for targeted drug delivery while crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Objective

This review comprehensively analyzes polysaccharide-based nanoparticles and their application in treating three major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The focus is on optimizing these nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery and immune modulation to improve therapeutic outcomes.

Results

Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles demonstrate significant potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases through multiple mechanisms including BBB penetration, reduced neuroinflammation, and targeted drug delivery. Studies show chitosan nanoparticles enhance cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease models, fucoidan-derived carbon dots restore motor function in Parkinson’s disease, and various polysaccharide formulations reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Conclusion

Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles represent a promising therapeutic frontier for neurodegenerative diseases, offering biocompatible, biodegradable platforms with inherent immunomodulatory properties. Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, modulate neuroinflammation, and deliver therapeutic agents makes them valuable candidates for both prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis.

Published in:Ibrain,
Study Type:Review,
Source: PMC12465237, 41018231