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Application of Nanocomposites-Based Polymers on Managing Fungal Diseases in Crop Production

Summary

Scientists are developing tiny particles made from natural materials like chitosan to protect crops from fungal diseases. These nanoparticles work better than traditional fungicides and can be combined with metals or plant extracts to boost their effectiveness. The new approach is more environmentally friendly and can reduce crop loss caused by fungal infections while maintaining sustainable agricultural practices.

Background

Phytopathogens cause approximately 16% global crop production loss, with fungi accounting for 42% of these losses. Nanotechnology combined with naturally derived polymers offers potential for sustainable agricultural production. Chitosan and other polymers possess properties that can be enhanced through nanocomposite formulation.

Objective

This review examines the application of nanocomposites-based polymers, particularly chitosan, in managing fungal diseases in crop production. The review discusses synthesis methods, active ingredient combinations, and mechanisms of action for fungal disease management.

Results

Ionic gelation was the most popular synthesis method. Chitosan nanoparticles showed superior antifungal activity compared to bulk chitosan. Combinations with metals (Cu, Ag, Zn), plant extracts, and fungicides enhanced efficacy. Other polymers including PEG and PLLA demonstrated antifungal and barrier properties.

Conclusion

Nanocomposites-based polymers, especially chitosan formulations, effectively manage plant fungal diseases through multiple mechanisms including direct antifungal activity, physical barriers, and induced plant resistance. These sustainable formulations show promise for crop protection with reduced toxicity compared to conventional fungicides.
  • Published in:Plant Pathology Journal,
  • Study Type:Review,
  • Source: PMID: 40776542, DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.RW.02.2025.0029
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