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Effect of acid modification of Biochar derived from spent mushroom substrate on the production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Summary

Researchers found that treating mushroom waste with phosphoric acid and converting it to biochar creates a better growing medium for oyster mushrooms. This modified biochar increased mushroom yield by 13-16% and shortened harvest time by 2.5 days compared to regular biochar. The mushrooms grown on these modified substrates were safe to eat and economically more profitable, making this an effective way to recycle agricultural waste.

Background

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) disposal presents significant environmental challenges in the edible fungi industry. Converting SMS into biochar offers a promising resource utilization approach, though original biochar properties limit its effectiveness in mushroom cultivation. Acid modification of biochar has been shown to enhance its physicochemical properties.

Objective

To evaluate the influence of phosphoric acid-modified mushroom substrates (AMMS) on the production and yield of oyster mushroom compared to unmodified biochar treatments. The study aimed to optimize SMS biochar performance as a mushroom cultivation substrate additive.

Results

Acid modification significantly increased surface area (33 times higher for PB3 vs CK) and micropore volumes of biochar. AMMS treatments showed 13-16% yield increases compared to unmodified biochar, with harvest time advanced by 2.5 days. Safety assessment confirmed no food security risks with biochar addition.

Conclusion

Phosphoric acid modification of SMS biochar significantly improves its performance as a mushroom cultivation substrate additive. This approach provides an effective strategy for SMS resource utilization and offers technical support for optimizing oyster mushroom cultivation practices while improving economic benefits.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40847122, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-16887-5
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