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mGem: Submarine mycology—an analog to astromycology

Summary

Scientists are studying fungi in submarines to better understand fungal health risks for astronauts in space. Both submarines and spacecraft are enclosed environments where fungi can grow, causing infections and other health problems. The same types of fungi found growing in submarines have been detected on the International Space Station. By learning from decades of submarine research, space agencies can better prepare for and prevent fungal-related health issues during long space missions.

Background

Submarines and spacecraft share similar enclosed environments with recirculated air systems, moisture, and extended human occupancy. Fungi have been documented in both environments for decades, but submarine mycology research offers valuable insights into fungal behavior in confined spaces that can inform astromycology research.

Objective

To introduce the concept of submarine mycology as a terrestrial analog to astromycology and explore how submarine fungal research can inform understanding of fungal risks during spaceflight missions.

Results

Overlapping fungal taxa including Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium were identified in both submarines and spacecraft. Fungal species composition varies between vessels and over time, with infection rates in submariners ranging from 2.95 to 41.2 per 1,000 personnel depending on vessel type.

Conclusion

Submarine mycology provides valuable lessons for astromycology, demonstrating the persistence of opportunistic fungi in enclosed habitats and the need for continuous fungal surveillance. Modern genetic and metagenomic analyses of submarine microbiota are recommended to better prepare space agencies for fungal health risks during long-duration missions.
  • Published in:mBio,
  • Study Type:Perspective/Review,
  • Source: 10.1128/mbio.01686-25, PMID: 40985658
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