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Antifungal Activity of Genistein Against Phytopathogenic Fungi Valsa mali Through ROS-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation

Summary

Scientists discovered that genistein, a natural compound found in soybeans and other legumes, can effectively kill the fungus that causes apple tree canker disease. The compound works by creating harmful reactive oxygen species that damage the fungus’s cell membranes and disrupt its normal cellular functions. This research suggests genistein could be developed as a safe, natural alternative to chemical fungicides for protecting apple crops.

Background

Valsa mali is a necrotrophic fungus causing apple Valsa canker, a significant disease reducing apple production in China. Current fungicide treatments have led to pathogen resistance and environmental concerns. Natural antifungal compounds offer a promising alternative approach.

Objective

To investigate the antifungal activity and mechanism of genistein against V. mali through ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation and associated cellular damage.

Results

Genistein at 10 µg/mL achieved 42.36% inhibition of V. mali growth with significant mycelial structural damage. The compound induced ROS accumulation and altered antioxidant enzyme activities, with 923 differentially expressed genes identified, including 13 genes associated with lipid peroxidation and fatty acid metabolism pathways.

Conclusion

Genistein exerts antifungal activity against V. mali through ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation mechanisms, disrupting cell membrane integrity and fatty acid composition. These findings suggest genistein has potential for development as a biological control agent for apple canker disease.
  • Published in:Plants (Basel),
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMC11723270, PMID: 39795380
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