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Identification of Non-fumigatus Aspergillus Species in Clinical Samples from Southern California

Summary

Researchers in Southern California studied fungal infections caused by Aspergillus, a common mold that can infect humans. They found that species other than the traditionally dangerous A. fumigatus are now being detected more frequently in patient samples, particularly from skin and respiratory infections. These non-fumigatus species showed interesting seasonal patterns and some may be resistant to standard antifungal treatments, suggesting doctors may need to adjust their treatment strategies.

Background

Aspergillus is a causative agent of aspergillosis with presentations ranging from mild skin infections to disseminated disease. A. fumigatus has historically been identified as the source of most serious infections, but there is emerging concern for invasive disease caused by non-fumigatus species, especially those that may carry intrinsic resistance to recommended antifungals.

Objective

To review trends in Aspergillus species cultured from a large clinical cohort in Southern California and assess the distribution of fumigatus versus non-fumigatus species across different specimen types.

Results

10,777 patients were identified with at least one positive Aspergillus culture. A. niger was the most frequently cultured species overall (n=3,772), with 44.6% from skin, nail, and scalp samples. A. fumigatus was identified in 40.3% of respiratory cultures followed by A. niger at 25.7%. Non-fumigatus species exhibited seasonal trends in respiratory samples, peaking in early autumn.

Conclusion

Non-fumigatus species were identified more frequently than A. fumigatus in clinical samples. Novel observations of seasonal trends and increasing predominance of non-fumigatus species may indicate a shift in clinical expectations and treatment options during management of aspergillosis.
  • Published in:Open Forum Infectious Diseases,
  • Study Type:Descriptive Analysis,
  • Source: 10.1093/ofid/ofae631.2286
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