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Colletotrichum scovillei and Prospective Biocontrol Agents Isolated from Asymptomatic Olive Trees

Summary

Researchers discovered that olive trees in Greece naturally harbor several species of fungi, including a newly identified disease-causing fungus called Colletotrichum scovillei. More importantly, they found that other fungi living harmlessly inside the olive tissue can protect the plant by fighting against the harmful fungi. Two of these protective fungi, KORD1f and KORD4f, reduced olive anthracnose disease symptoms by 67-73%, suggesting they could be used as natural alternatives to chemical fungicides for olive disease management.

Background

Olive anthracnose is a major disease worldwide caused by multiple Colletotrichum species. While Colletotrichum acutatum was historically the primary pathogen, the predominant species now varies by region. This study identified Colletotrichum scovillei as a latent pathogen in olive fruits from Greek groves, expanding knowledge of Colletotrichum diversity associated with olive anthracnose.

Objective

To investigate pathogenic Colletotrichum species in asymptomatic olive trees in the Peloponnese region, clarify dominant species distribution, screen endophytic fungi with antagonistic potential against pathogens, and assess weather conditions’ influence on pathogen establishment.

Results

Forty fungal isolates were recovered, including 17 Colletotrichum isolates comprising C. acutatum, C. nymphaeae, and C. scovillei species. C. scovillei was identified for the first time as a latent pathogen on olive. Virulence testing revealed substantial variation among isolates; endophytic fungi showed strong antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum, with KORD4f and KORD1f reducing anthracnose symptoms by 73% and 67% respectively.

Conclusion

Naturally occurring endophytes sharing the Colletotrichum ecological niche can suppress the necrotrophic phase of pathogenic Colletotrichum species, supporting their potential as sustainable biocontrol tools. An integrated, ecology-informed approach to anthracnose management incorporating endophytic fungi is recommended.
  • Published in:Microorganisms,
  • Study Type:Original Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/microorganisms13122838; PMID: 41472042
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