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Comparative Multi-Omics Analysis and Antitumor Activity of Phylloporia crataegi and Phylloporia fontanesiae

Summary

Researchers compared two types of medicinal fungi (Phylloporia crataegi and Phylloporia fontanesiae) to understand why one is better at fighting cancer. They used advanced techniques to examine the fungi’s chemicals, genes, and proteins, discovering that P. crataegi contains special compounds like trans-cinnamic acid that help kill cancer cells. This study provides important information for developing new cancer treatments from these fungi.

Background

Wood-decay fungi in the Phylloporia genus have demonstrated diverse bioactivities including antitumor, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. While Phylloporia lonicerae has been extensively studied, P. crataegi and P. fontanesiae remain relatively unexplored. This study addresses the gap by conducting comprehensive comparative analysis of these two species.

Objective

To compare the antitumor activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of Phylloporia crataegi and Phylloporia fontanesiae through multi-omics analysis. The study aimed to elucidate why P. crataegi demonstrates superior antitumor activity and identify the molecular pathways responsible for these differences.

Results

P. crataegi ethanol extract demonstrated superior antitumor activity with the lowest IC50 against Eca-109 cells (1.310 ± 0.052 mg/ml). Metabolomic analysis revealed P. crataegi contained significantly higher levels of trans-cinnamic acid (60.86-fold higher), AMP (7.07-fold), and trehalose 6-phosphate (18.09-fold). Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified upregulation of genes and proteins involved in IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response, ATPase activity, and calcium signaling pathways in P. crataegi.

Conclusion

The superior antitumor activity of P. crataegi is attributed to higher accumulation of antitumor-associated metabolites and upregulation of stress response and metabolic pathways. Integration of metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data with molecular docking results provides comprehensive understanding of antitumor mechanisms. These findings establish P. crataegi as a valuable resource for drug discovery and therapeutic development.
  • Published in:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,
  • Study Type:Comparative Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.4014/jmb.2504.04029, PMID: 40877012
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