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Exploring the Mechanisms of Amino Acid and Bioactive Constituent Formation During Fruiting Body Development in Lyophyllum decastes by Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Summary

This study examined how Lyophyllum decastes mushrooms develop and build up their nutritious compounds. Researchers tracked amino acids and polysaccharides across four growth stages and identified which genes control their production. The mature mushrooms contained the highest levels of beneficial compounds, with amino acids reaching 45,107.39 μg/g and polysaccharides at 13.66 mg/g. These findings help explain why these mushrooms are nutritious and suggest ways to grow them better for maximum health benefits.

Background

Lyophyllum decastes is a valued edible and medicinal mushroom widely distributed in South-Central China, known for its exceptional taste and rich nutritional composition. The mushroom contains various bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, fatty acids, proteins, and amino acids with documented antioxidative, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative properties. Understanding the developmental mechanisms of nutrient and flavor compound formation is essential for optimizing cultivation strategies and functional food applications.

Objective

To investigate the dynamic changes in amino acids and polysaccharides during fruiting body development of L. decastes and identify the key genes and metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis. The study employed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses across four developmental stages: mycelial, primordial, young fruiting body, and mature fruiting body stages.

Results

Total amino acids and polysaccharides reached highest levels in mature fruiting bodies (45,107.39 μg/g and 13.66 mg/g respectively). Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites associated with secondary metabolite, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Key pathways including arginine biosynthesis, lysine biosynthesis, and polysaccharide biosynthesis were characterized with specific gene and metabolite profiles across developmental stages.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that L. decastes undergoes substantial metabolic changes during transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, with optimal nutrient accumulation at maturity. The identified metabolic pathways and key regulatory genes provide insights into fruiting body development and offer foundation for optimizing cultivation strategies and enhancing functional food applications. These findings support L. decastes as a valuable source of bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals.
  • Published in:Journal of Fungi (Basel),
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.3390/jof11080586, PMID: 40863538
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