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Evaluation of Antifungal Activity Against Candida albicans Isolates From HIV-Positive Patients with Oral Candidiasis in a Major Referral Hospital, West Java, Indonesia

Summary

This study examined fungal infections in HIV-positive patients’ mouths at an Indonesian hospital. Researchers identified which Candida species caused the infections and tested how well common antifungal medications worked against them. They found that while a specific antifungal drug (fluconazole) was effective in most cases, some infections showed resistance, suggesting the need for careful monitoring and personalized treatment approaches.

Background

Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients, often indicating immunosuppression. While Candida albicans remains the primary pathogen, non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species are emerging with increasing antifungal resistance. Limited data exists on antifungal resistance patterns in Indonesia.

Objective

To identify Candida species in HIV-positive patients with oral candidiasis and assess antifungal susceptibility of the predominant species to commonly used antifungal agents.

Results

C. albicans was isolated from all samples (100%), with NCAC species also detected including C. glabrata (10%), C. krusei (3.3%), and C. tropicalis (3.3%). Voriconazole showed the widest inhibition zones (34.0 ± 10.7 mm), followed by fluconazole (33.0 ± 9.3 mm). Fluconazole and voriconazole susceptibility rates were 90.0% and 86.7% respectively.

Conclusion

C. albicans remains the predominant species causing oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients, with high susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole. However, emerging resistance and NCAC species detection highlight the importance of routine species identification and susceptibility testing to guide therapy and monitor resistance.
  • Published in:HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care (PMC),
  • Study Type:Cross-sectional Study,
  • Source: PMID: 41169611, DOI: 10.2147/HIV.S536437
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