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Development of a granular bioformulation of Achromobacter xylosoxidans AX77 16S for sustainable onion white rot management and growth enhancement

Summary

Scientists discovered a beneficial bacterium living inside onion seeds that can fight a serious fungal disease called white rot and help seeds grow better. They turned this bacterium into an easy-to-use granular product that lasts up to a year, offering farmers an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fungicides. The product not only prevents the fungal disease but also improves seed germination and plant growth, making it a promising sustainable solution for onion farming.

Background

Onion white rot, caused by the soil-borne fungus Stromatinia cepivora, is a major disease affecting global onion production. Chemical fungicides are widely used but pose environmental and health risks, and can lead to resistant fungal strains. There is an urgent need for safer, environmentally friendly alternatives to manage this disease.

Objective

To isolate endophytic bacteria from healthy onion seeds and evaluate their potential as biocontrol agents and growth promoters against S. cepivora. Additionally, to develop and assess a granular bioformulation of the most promising bacterial isolate for sustainable disease management.

Results

Achromobacter xylosoxidans AX77 16S showed the strongest antifungal activity, inhibiting pathogen growth by 50% in dual culture. It enhanced seed germination to 82% and increased vigor indices by over 100%. GC-MS identified ten bioactive compounds including cis-vaccenic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid. The granular formulation remained viable for up to one year when stored at 5°C with optimal water activity.

Conclusion

Achromobacter xylosoxidans AX77 16S represents a promising, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative to chemical fungicides for managing onion white rot and promoting crop growth. The granular bioformulation demonstrates commercial potential with extended shelf-life. Further research is recommended to assess efficacy in field conditions and other plant species.
  • Published in:Scientific Reports,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 40738906, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-10036-8
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