Safe and Effective Antioxidant: The Biological Mechanism and Potential Pathways of Ergothioneine in the Skin

Author: mycolabadmin
2/8/2023
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Summary

Ergothioneine is a natural compound found in certain fungi and bacteria that acts like a powerful antioxidant in the body. When applied to skin, it can protect against damage from sun exposure and environmental pollution, reduce signs of aging, and help calm inflammation. It’s particularly special because it automatically travels to damaged areas in the skin where it’s needed most, making it an efficient and targeted treatment ingredient for cosmetics.

Background

Ergothioneine (EGT) is a sulfur-containing histidine derivative synthesized by bacteria and fungi that has been found in significant concentrations in human blood and tissues. It functions as a vitamin-like antioxidant with regulatory and protective properties in the body. Recent studies have demonstrated its potential in treating various conditions and its accumulation in damaged tissues suggests targeted protective mechanisms.

Objective

This review aims to comprehensively summarize the biological mechanisms and potential pathways of ergothioneine in skin health and dermatology. The authors seek to systematically introduce EGT’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties while exploring its applications in cosmetics and identifying gaps requiring further research.

Results

EGT demonstrates excellent antioxidant capacity at nanomolar concentrations, scavenges multiple reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and activates key antioxidant pathways including Nrf2/ARE and AP-1. It protects mitochondrial DNA, inhibits melanin production, provides UV protection, and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through regulation of cytokines and signaling pathways.

Conclusion

Ergothioneine shows significant promise as a safe and effective cosmeceutical ingredient with multifaceted protective mechanisms in skin health. Its unique targeted accumulation in damaged tissues, combined with its structural stability and participation in antioxidant networks, positions it as a valuable ingredient for skincare products. However, further clinical evidence on transdermal penetration and external application mechanisms is needed.

Published in:Molecules,
Study Type:Review,
Source: PMC9967237, PMID: 36838636