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Comparative Multi-Omics Analysis and Antitumor Activity of Phylloporia crataegi and Phylloporia fontanesiae

Summary

Researchers compared two types of medicinal fungi (Phylloporia crataegi and P. fontanesiae) to understand why one is more effective at fighting cancer. Using advanced molecular analysis techniques, they found that P. crataegi contains higher levels of cancer-fighting compounds and activates more genes related to cancer cell death. These findings suggest that these fungi could be promising sources for developing new cancer treatments.

Background

Wood-decay fungi in the Phylloporia genus have demonstrated diverse bioactivities including antitumor, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. While Phylloporia lonicerae has been extensively studied, P. crataegi and P. fontanesiae remain relatively underexplored regarding their molecular mechanisms and antitumor properties.

Objective

This study conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of the antitumor activities and underlying molecular mechanisms of Phylloporia crataegi and Phylloporia fontanesiae through multi-omics approaches including metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics analysis.

Results

P. crataegi ethanol extract displayed superior antitumor activity with the lowest IC50 value of 1.310 ± 0.052 mg/ml against Eca-109 cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed significantly higher levels of antitumor-associated metabolites including trans-cinnamic acid, AMP, and trehalose 6-phosphate in P. crataegi. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified upregulated genes and proteins involved in cellular stress responses, metabolic pathways, and IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.

Conclusion

This study elucidates the superior antitumor activity of P. crataegi through comprehensive multi-omics analysis, identifying key metabolites and molecular pathways responsible for its bioactivity. The findings establish Phylloporia species as valuable resources for drug discovery and demonstrate the importance of integrating metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches in understanding medicinal fungal properties.
  • Published in:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,
  • Study Type:Comparative Experimental Study,
  • Source: 10.4014/jmb.2504.04029, PMID: 40877012
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