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Metabolomics analysis of mycelial exudates provides insights into fungal antagonists of Armillaria

Summary

This study examined how two types of honey mushrooms (Armillaria) fight each other when grown together. Researchers found specific chemical markers and metabolic pathways that are activated during this competition. The study identified 156 new compounds produced during co-culture, including 32 with potential antifungal properties. These findings could help understand how mushrooms naturally combat fungal pathogens.

Background

Armillaria species have high edible and medicinal values. When different Armillaria species are paired in culture, antagonistic zones often form, but the metabolic changes underlying this antagonism remain unclear.

Objective

To analyze the metabolome of mycelial exudates from two Chinese Armillaria biological species (C and G) when co-cultured or cultured separately to identify candidate biomarkers and key metabolic pathways involved in fungal antagonism.

Results

A total of 2,377 metabolites were identified, predominantly organic acids and derivatives, lipids, and organoheterocyclic compounds. Common differentially expressed metabolites including malate and uracil were identified between culture modes. TCA cycle and pyrimidine metabolism were significantly affected by co-culture, with 156 new metabolites including 32 potential antifungal compounds produced.

Conclusion

Malate and uracil serve as candidate biomarkers for Armillaria antagonism, while TCA cycle and pyrimidine metabolism are key metabolic pathways involved in fungal antagonists. The identified metabolic changes provide insights into mechanisms of fungal antagonism.
  • Published in:Mycology,
  • Study Type:Experimental Study,
  • Source: PMID: 37583453, DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2238753
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