Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Biomacromolecules: A Review

Author: mycolabadmin
2020-02-28
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Summary

This research examines how large biological molecules (biomacromolecules) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) contribute to its therapeutic effects. While smaller molecules in TCM have been well-studied, larger molecules like complex sugars, proteins, and genetic material also play crucial roles in how these medicines work. The study shows these compounds can boost immune function, fight cancer, reduce inflammation, and help regulate blood sugar, among other benefits. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps explain why traditional herbal decoctions (teas) can be effective medicines despite containing compounds that are difficult to absorb • Suggests new ways to improve the effectiveness of herbal medicines by preserving beneficial large molecules during processing • Provides scientific support for traditional preparation methods like extended boiling of herbs • Opens possibilities for developing new medicines based on these natural compounds • Helps bridge traditional medicine with modern scientific understanding

Background

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for disease prevention and treatment throughout history, with profound impacts on human health. While small molecules in TCM are well-studied, biomacromolecules like polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids have been under-appreciated despite their important biological activities. Understanding their roles is crucial for illuminating TCM’s mechanisms of action.

Objective

This review aims to systematically examine the pharmacodynamic material basis of TCM based on biomacromolecules, specifically focusing on polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. It seeks to deepen understanding of their considerable roles in TCM efficacy, direct and indirect mechanisms of action, and functions in plant growth and quality formation.

Results

The review found that biomacromolecules play crucial roles in TCM efficacy through various biological activities related to their chemical structures. Polysaccharides and proteins demonstrate immunomodulatory effects through multiple channels and targets. Plant miRNAs can be absorbed and function as regulatory molecules. These biomacromolecules are also essential for medicinal plant growth, development, and formation of secondary metabolites that contribute to therapeutic effects.

Conclusion

Biomacromolecules have significant roles in TCM efficacy as evidenced by their diverse biological activities and mechanisms of action. Understanding their functional properties and mechanisms will help demystify TCM’s therapeutic benefits. However, further research is needed on structure-activity relationships, precise molecular mechanisms, and interactions with small molecules in the context of traditional TCM preparation and administration methods.

Published in:Plant Methods,
Study Type:Review,
Source: 10.1186/s13007-020-00571-y