Bioactive Components of the Traditionally Used Mushroom Podaxis pistillaris
- Author: mycolabadmin
- 2006-01-30
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Summary
This research examined a desert mushroom called Podaxis pistillaris that has been traditionally used as medicine in various cultures. Scientists identified three compounds (epicorazines) that give the mushroom strong antibacterial properties, validating its traditional use. However, they also discovered these compounds could be toxic to human cells, raising safety concerns about using this mushroom as food or medicine.
Impacts on everyday life:
• Demonstrates the importance of scientifically validating traditional medicines before use
• Highlights potential risks of consuming traditional medicinal mushrooms without proper research
• Shows how natural compounds can be both beneficial (antibacterial) and potentially harmful
• Emphasizes the need for safety testing of natural products used in traditional medicine
• Contributes to our understanding of new potential sources of antibacterial compounds
Background
Podaxis pistillaris is a fungus found in semideserts of Africa, Asia, Australia and America, particularly in arid zones of Yemen. The fruiting bodies have traditionally been used in Yemen for treating skin diseases, in South Africa for sunburn treatment, and in China for inflammation. The fungus is also used as food in countries like India, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia, and Australian Aborigines used it for body painting and as a fly repellent.
Objective
To investigate the bioactive compounds present in Podaxis pistillaris and validate its traditional medicinal uses through isolation and characterization of its active constituents, while also evaluating potential toxicity.
Results
Three epidithiodiketopiperazines were identified: epicorazine A, B and C. These compounds showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. aureus was 25 μg/ml for epicorazine A, 50 μg/ml for epicorazine B, and 75 μg/ml for epicorazine C. All compounds also showed significant cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 10 μg/ml against FL cells.
Conclusion
The study confirms the biological activity and justifies the ethnomedicinal use of P. pistillaris through the identification of epicorazines as active compounds. However, due to the cytotoxic effects of these compounds, concerns are raised about the safety of using this mushroom as food or medicine. Further in vivo toxicity studies are strongly recommended.
- Published in:Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,
- Study Type:Laboratory Research,
- Source: 10.1093/ecam/nek008