Microbially Synthesized Nanoparticles as Next Generation Antimicrobials: Scope and Applications

Author: mycolabadmin
2019-04-12
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Summary

This research explores how microscopic particles produced by bacteria and fungi could help fight antibiotic-resistant infections. These naturally produced nanoparticles can kill harmful bacteria in multiple ways and potentially overcome bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Impacts on everyday life: – Could lead to new treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections – May help create better antimicrobial coatings for medical devices like catheters – Could improve wound healing and infection control – May reduce the need for conventional antibiotics – Could lead to more effective and targeted drug delivery systems

Background

The development of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens at an alarming rate has created a major health concern worldwide, with over 70% of infectious bacteria being resistant to at least one conventional antibiotic. Nanotechnology, particularly microbially synthesized nanoparticles, has emerged as a promising alternative approach to combat antimicrobial resistance. Various microorganisms can synthesize inorganic nanoparticles either extracellularly or intracellularly through enzymatic processes.

Objective

To review and analyze the synthesis, properties, and antimicrobial applications of microbially produced metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as next-generation antimicrobial agents. The study aims to evaluate how these nanoparticles can be functionalized and utilized to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens and biofilms.

Results

The review found that microbially synthesized metal nanoparticles exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi and viruses. The antimicrobial efficacy depends on particle size, shape, and surface properties. Functionalization with antibiotics showed synergistic effects. The nanoparticles demonstrated multiple mechanisms of action including membrane disruption, ROS generation, and biofilm inhibition.

Conclusion

Microbially synthesized nanoparticles offer a promising eco-friendly approach to combat antimicrobial resistance. Their small size, controllable properties, and ability to be functionalized make them effective antimicrobial agents and drug delivery vehicles. The multiple mechanisms of action and broad-spectrum activity suggest they could help address the growing challenge of drug-resistant pathogens.

Published in:Nanoparticles in Pharmacotherapy,
Study Type:Review,
Source: 10.1016/B978-0-12-816504-1.00008-9