Effect of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Disease Development, Growth, Oil Yield and Biochemical Changes in Mentha arvensis Plants

Summary

This research studied how a common plant fungus (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) affects mint plants that are grown for essential oil production. The study found that higher levels of fungal infection led to significant damage in the plants, reducing their growth and oil production. Understanding this relationship helps farmers better manage crop diseases. Impacts on everyday life: – Helps protect the production of mint oil used in common products like toothpaste and candy – Contributes to maintaining stable supplies of menthol for pharmaceutical products – Supports more efficient farming practices for mint crops – Helps reduce crop losses and maintain affordable prices for mint-based products – Improves understanding of plant disease management in agriculture

Background

Mentha arvensis L. produces essential oil through hydro-distillation from fresh herbs and is a rich source of menthol used in pharmaceutical, flavoring and cosmetic industries. The pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a widespread and destructive fungus that affects various plants, known to infect about 500 species and cause up to 100% damage in some crops.

Objective

To assess the damaging potential of S. sclerotiorum on Mentha arvensis by studying its effects on plant growth, oil yield, and biochemical changes. The aim was to generate information that could be used in developing management strategies and disease forecasting systems.

Results

Increasing inoculum levels of S. sclerotiorum led to corresponding decreases in plant fresh and dry weights. The highest inoculum level (12g mycelium/5kg soil) caused maximum reductions in shoot-roots/suckers fresh weight (39.8-43.6%) and dry weights (40.3-42.9%). Root and sucker infection increased from 18% at lowest inoculum to 80.2% at highest levels. Significant reductions were observed in oil yield (28.9%), total chlorophyll (31.4%), total phenol (34.8%), and total sugar (31.6%) at the highest inoculum level.

Conclusion

All tested initial inoculum levels of S. sclerotiorum caused significant damage to M. arvensis plants. The study demonstrated that predicting potential losses from specific inoculum levels in soil can be valuable for developing effective management strategies against this pathogen.
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