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Control of Penicillium glabrum by Indigenous Antagonistic Yeast from Vineyards

Summary

This research explored natural ways to protect grapes from spoilage using beneficial yeasts found in vineyards. Scientists discovered that certain yeasts can effectively prevent the growth of harmful molds that spoil grapes, offering a safer alternative to chemical preservatives. The findings impact everyday life in several ways: • Provides a natural method for preserving fresh grapes without chemical residues • Could lead to safer and more environmentally friendly grape production • May help reduce food waste by preventing grape spoilage • Could contribute to better quality wines by protecting grapes during production • Demonstrates the potential of using naturally occurring microorganisms for food preservation

Background

Vineyards harbor diverse microbial populations including pathogenic molds that can spoil grapes. While Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus species are common concerns, Penicillium glabrum has emerged as a significant spoilage organism in vineyards. Chemical fungicides are typically used for control but face challenges with residues and resistance development, creating a need for biological control alternatives.

Objective

This study aimed to screen indigenous vineyard yeasts for antagonistic activity against P. glabrum and characterize their mechanisms of biocontrol action. The research focused on identifying effective biological control agents as alternatives to chemical fungicides for grape preservation.

Results

Two strains of P. kudriavzevii L18 and Z. meyerae L29 showed the most promising biocontrol activity. P. kudriavzevii L18 produced antifungal volatile organic compounds that completely inhibited P. glabrum incidence. Z. meyerae L29 demonstrated multiple mechanisms including pectinase, chitinase and β-glucanase activity along with biofilm formation, reducing P. glabrum incidence by 70%. Several other yeasts showed varying degrees of antagonistic activity through different mechanisms.

Conclusion

The study identified P. kudriavzevii L18 and Z. meyerae L29 as effective biocontrol agents against P. glabrum in vineyards and during grape commercialization. This represents the first report of Z. meyerae’s potential as a biocontrol agent. The research demonstrated that multiple antagonistic mechanisms contribute to successful biological control of grape spoilage by P. glabrum.
  • Published in:Foods,
  • Study Type:Laboratory Research,
  • Source: 10.3390/foods9121864
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